In Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis, learning is described as which type of process?

In Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis, learning is characterized as a conscious process. This theory distinguishes between 'acquisition' and 'learning,' where acquisition occurs naturally and subconsciously, mimicking the way children learn their first language, while learning involves explicit instruction and the understanding of grammatical rules. The conscious aspect of learning allows individuals to reflect on the language rules and apply this knowledge to their communication. Krashen posits that while these two processes are intertwined, the conscious nature of learning is what enables learners to use their knowledge to monitor and correct their speech, particularly in formal contexts. This highlights the importance of awareness and deliberate effort in the language learning experience, differentiating it from the more instinctive and fluid process of acquisition.