What does Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) refer to?

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) refers specifically to the formal academic language skills that are necessary for students to succeed in academic contexts. This includes the ability to understand and use language that is often more complex than everyday conversational language. CALP encompasses skills such as interpreting academic texts, writing essays, understanding subject-specific vocabulary, and engaging with abstract concepts.

Many learners, especially those who are English language learners, benefit from developing CALP as it enables them to perform well in academic settings, which demand a higher level of language proficiency compared to casual conversation. Additionally, CALP is distinct from social language skills, which are generally acquired more quickly and are less cognitively demanding.

Understanding CALP is crucial for educators working with diverse learners, as it emphasizes the importance of teaching academic language alongside content material. Thus, recognizing CALP supports the development of higher-order thinking skills and promotes equitable access to educational opportunities for all students.